Prevalence and Risk Factors of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome PCOS: Cross-sectional Study

Background: The most prevalent endocrine illness in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian disease. In this study, girls between the ages of 18 and 30 who were vesiting the maternity hospital refer in King Saud, Saudi Arabia, will be assessed for poly cystic ovaries prevalence and risk factors.

Methods: There were 1080 participants in this study, representing all outpatient visits over the chosen period (Jul 2022 to Jan 2023). They were required to answer questions about their menstrual cycle and the symptoms of hyperandrogenism on a questionnaire. Weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences were measured anthropometrically. Blood pressure was measured. A girl who exhibits either hirsutism or irregular menstruation, or both, was considered a probable case. All of the likely instances were required to undergo thorough examinations, hormone estimations, and ovarian ultrasounds.

Results: Among the 1080 girls, 191 (17.6%) had irregular menstrual cycles, and 75 (6.9%) had hirsutism. According to Rotterdam's criteria, the prevalence of polycystic ovaries was found to be 18.9% after hormonal testing and ultrasound. The non-vegetarian diet, socioeconomic level I and II, snacking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, prehypertension, hypertension, central obesity, and self-reported emotional health issues in girls, and poly cystic ovaries in the family, were found to be substantially linked with polycystic ovaries.

Conclusion: To lessen poly cystic ovaries and associated problems in females, early lifestyle change and health education were necessary.