Effect of Nanoparticle and Essential oil Addition on Kappa Carragenan-based Bionanocomposite Films: A Review

The issue of plastic waste has become a global concern due to its negative impact on environmental sustainability. Bionanocompsites are a combination of composite materials made from natural materials with nano-sized organic or inorganic fillers that are biodegradable. Kappa carrageenan-based bionanocomposite films offer an eco-friendly solution for packaging. Kappa carrageenan is one of the natural polymers that can be used as a biofilm constituent material which is recognized to form a good film due to its ability to form a strong and stiff gel, but still has limitations in water vapor permeability and lower mechanical properties. The use of nanoparticles and essential oil into carrageenan-based films can improve the characteristics including mechanical properties, optical properties, barrier properties, and act as antibacterial and antioxidant in the films.