Addressing Communication Strategies, Decision-making Frameworks and Palliative Care Interventions for Patients and Families Facing End-of-life Decisions in the ICU

End-of-life care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) presents significant challenges due to the complexity of medical conditions, the intensity of treatments, and the profound emotional and ethical decisions required by patients, families, and healthcare providers. Effective communication strategies, robust decision-making frameworks, and targeted palliative care interventions are critical in managing these challenges. Effective communication is integral in end-of-life care settings, particularly in the ICU. There is always a need to emphasize on clear, compassionate, and timely communication between healthcare providers and family members. Decision-making in the ICU involves ethically complex and emotionally charged deliberations, often under conditions of uncertainty and time pressure. Palliative care, focused on providing relief from symptoms, pain, and stress, is crucial in the context of end-of-life care in the ICU. Studies have shown that early integration of palliative care teams in the ICU settings leads to better symptom management, higher quality of life, and more appropriate end-of-life care decisions. These teams work in conjunction with ICU staff to address not only physical symptoms but also the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients and their families. This literature review deals with the discussions that are carried out between the family members and the doctors to help the patients transition smoothly toward end-of-life care. A lot of psychological and emotional help is needed to succeed in this, and this review will prove to be a guide that helps physicians and ICU doctors understand how things are done differently. This review will reflect on the current and updated protocols that are followed keeping in mind the end-of-life decisions of people admitted to the ICU.